The following tips can be used by family members and friends when communicating with elders with varying degrees of cognitive impairment:
1. Listen attentively and do not make the elder feel uneasy even if the elder's expression is unclear and speech is confusing. 2.
2. Allow plenty of time for the elder to use objects or to express himself/herself in writing to maintain independence. 3.
3. pay attention to the elderly's emotional state and change of mood when they speak, and provide support.
4. Be clear and consistent when giving questions and instructions. 5.
5. Maintain humor to promote positive emotions and participation in conversations. 6.
6. Respect the identity and experience of the elderly and avoid baby talk.
